Aegiq

Aegiq is a UK-based full-stack photonic quantum computing company spun out from the University of Sheffield in 2019, developing secure quantum communications using III-V semiconductor-based quantum photonics chips manufactured with elements like Gallium, Indium, and Arsenic rather than traditional Silicon. The company secured £1.4 million in funding from Innovate UK and won a £30 million quantum testbed competition funded by the National Quantum Computing Centre to deliver Artemis, their compact photonic quantum computer. Building on over 20 years of world-class research in semiconductors and quantum science, Aegiq develops quantum technology for fiber-optic and satellite-based applications, focusing on secure quantum communications and photonic quantum computing with their dedicated user interface for integration with NQCC testbed ecosystem.

Atom Computing

Atom Computing leads neutral atom quantum computing with their record-breaking 1,180 operational qubits in a 1,225-site array announced in 2023, founded by Benjamin Bloom (PhD Physics, University of Colorado) and Jonathan King (PhD Chemical Engineering, UC Berkeley) in 2018 to use arrays of neutral atoms trapped by optical tweezers as dynamically reconfigurable qubits with high connectivity, partnering with Microsoft and government agencies including DARPA for applications in optimization, machine learning, and quantum simulation with scalable architecture targeting millions of qubits. In November 2024 at Microsoft Ignite, Atom Computing and Microsoft demonstrated a historic achievement by creating and entangling 24 logical qubits using neutral atoms, with the ability to detect and correct errors and perform computation on 28 logical qubits. The partnership delivers commercial error-corrected, fault-tolerant quantum computers in 2025, combining Atom’s approximately 1,000+ physical qubit array with Microsoft’s qubit-virtualization system to support up to 50 error-corrected logical qubits. Atom Computing achieved 99.6% two-qubit gate fidelity, the highest recorded in the neutral atom modality, with on-premise systems now available for order with 2025 delivery.

D-Wave

D-Wave Systems pioneered commercial quantum computing as the world’s first company to sell quantum computers, specializing in quantum annealing systems for optimization problems with their latest Advantage system featuring over 5,000 qubits with 15-way connectivity, serving 133 total customers including Lockheed Martin (since 2010), Google/NASA (since 2013), BASF, Deloitte, and MasterCard through their Leap cloud platform. In July 2025, D-Wave completed a $400 million at-the-market equity offering at an average price of $15.18 per share, bringing the company’s cash balance to approximately $815 million for strategic acquisitions and general corporate purposes. The company demonstrates quantum advantage in applications across logistics, scheduling, machine learning, and financial modeling with over 150 customer-developed applications, building both annealing and gate-model quantum computers while maintaining its position as the world’s first commercial quantum computer supplier with a focus on hybrid quantum-classical computing for optimization problems.

Ephos

Ephos is a Milan-based startup founded in 2022 that designs and manufactures glass-based integrated photonic circuits for both classical and quantum devices. The company raised $8.5 million in seed funding led by Starlight Ventures and opened the world’s first glass-based quantum photonic circuits manufacturing facility in Milan. Founded by theoretical physicist Andrea Rocchetto with co-founders Francesco Ceccarelli, Giacomo Corrielli, and Roberto Osellame, Ephos uses glass fiber optics to build photonic chips that dramatically reduce coupling losses between fibers and chips compared to silicon-based competitors. The company received backing from the European Innovation Council and NATO’s Defence Innovation Accelerator, being selected as one of 10 companies from over 1,300 applicants, positioning them to address growing computational demands in quantum computing and AI infrastructure through innovative glass-based photonic chip technology.

Google Quantum AI

Google Quantum AI achieved the historic milestone of quantum supremacy in October 2019 with their 53-qubit Sycamore processor completing a task in 200 seconds that would take classical supercomputers thousands of years, building on quantum research that began in 2006 under Hartmut Neven with the formal Quantum AI team established in 2013 and John Martinis joining from UCSB in 2014, developing Cirq and TensorFlow Quantum frameworks as part of Alphabet’s strategy to build fault-tolerant quantum computers for applications in drug discovery, materials science, and cryptography. In December 2024, Google unveiled their Willow quantum chip featuring 105 qubits that achieved a historic breakthrough in quantum error correction by demonstrating exponential error reduction while scaling up—the first time errors have been reduced below the critical threshold as more qubits are added, solving a challenge that has persisted for nearly 30 years since Peter Shor introduced quantum error correction in 1995. Willow achieved a 5x improvement in qubit coherence times to 100 microseconds and demonstrated that larger qubit arrays (3x3 to 5x5 to 7x7) cut error rates in half at each step, with their distance-7 logical qubit showing a 0.143% error per cycle and exceeding the lifetime of its best physical qubit by a factor of 2.4. The chip performed a standard benchmark computation in under five minutes that would take today’s fastest supercomputers 10 septillion years, marking significant progress toward practical fault-tolerant quantum computing.

IBM Quantum

IBM Quantum operates one of the world’s most comprehensive quantum computing programs, developing superconducting quantum processors including the 433-qubit Osprey system unveiled in November 2022 and the 1,121-qubit Condor processor released in December 2023 as the first to surpass the 1,000-qubit threshold, while providing cloud access through the IBM Quantum Experience platform launched in May 2016 to over 400,000 users using their Qiskit framework, with partnerships spanning Fortune 500 companies, universities, and governments to advance practical quantum computing applications in optimization, machine learning, and quantum-safe cryptography. In December 2023, IBM introduced the Heron processor featuring 133 fixed-frequency qubits with tunable couplers that deliver 3-5x performance improvement over the 127-qubit Eagle processor while virtually eliminating crosstalk, establishing Heron as the foundation for their hardware roadmap going forward. The company has since developed Heron R2 with 156 qubits and plans to introduce the Kookaburra processor in 2025—a 1,386-qubit multi-chip processor with quantum communication links that will be demonstrated as a 4,158-qubit system connecting three Kookaburra chips. IBM’s extended roadmap targets executing 100 million gates over 200 qubits with their Starling processor employing error correction by 2029, marking an inflection point toward practical fault-tolerant quantum computing.

IonQ

IonQ leads the trapped ion quantum computing sector as the first pure-play quantum company to go public on NYSE in 2021, founded by Christopher Monroe and Jungsang Kim in 2015 to develop quantum computers using individual trapped atoms as qubits with industry-leading fidelities, accessible through AWS Braket, Azure Quantum, and Google Cloud. In September 2025, IonQ secured UK Investment Security Unit regulatory approval for its $1.065 billion acquisition of Oxford Ionics, representing the largest acquisition in quantum computing history and combining IonQ’s quantum computing stack with Oxford Ionics’ breakthrough chip-based ion trap technology manufactured on standard semiconductor processes. The acquisition required Oxford Ionics’ hardware and operations to remain in the UK under National Security and Investment Act conditions, while providing IonQ access to revolutionary electronic qubit control technology that uses semiconductor chips rather than expensive laser systems. IonQ received $636 million in gross proceeds from its SPAC public offering and continues serving Fortune 500 companies and research institutions with industry-leading quantum computers.

OptQC

OptQC is a Japanese photonic quantum computing company founded in 2021, developing optical quantum computers using photonic qubits for quantum computing applications. The company focuses on building scalable photonic quantum computing systems that operate at room temperature using integrated photonics technology, offering advantages in networking capabilities and system integration compared to other quantum computing approaches. OptQC develops quantum software and algorithms optimized for photonic quantum computing platforms, targeting applications in optimization, machine learning, and quantum simulation for Japanese enterprises and research institutions. The company contributes to Japan’s national quantum technology initiative by advancing photonic quantum computing capabilities and collaborating with academic research institutions to commercialize quantum technologies for practical applications in finance, logistics, and scientific computing.

PsiQuantum

PsiQuantum develops fault-tolerant photonic quantum computers targeting one million physical qubits using silicon photonic chips and standard semiconductor manufacturing, founded by Jeremy O’Brien, Terry Rudolph, Mark Thompson, and Pete Shadbolt, bypassing near-term NISQ systems to focus exclusively on utility-scale quantum computing for drug discovery, materials science, and cryptography applications. In April 2024, the company received A$940 million from the Australian federal and Queensland governments for its Brisbane headquarters and quantum data center near Brisbane Airport. In September 2025, PsiQuantum raised $1 billion in Series E funding led by BlackRock, Temasek, and Baillie Gifford with participation from Nvidia’s NVentures, valuing the company at $7 billion. The company is planning two data center-sized quantum computing facilities with construction beginning in 2025 in Brisbane, Australia and Chicago, Illinois, targeting partial operational launch in 2027 and scaling to approximately one million physical qubits by 2029.

Qboson

Qboson is a Beijing-based quantum computing startup that secured angel financing to build quantum computers and establish quantum computing laboratories in China. The company focuses on developing quantum computing hardware and research capabilities, contributing to China’s national quantum technology initiatives and advancing quantum computing research and development. Qboson works on quantum processor development, quantum system integration, and quantum computing research applications for academic and commercial applications. The company collaborates with Chinese universities and research institutions to advance quantum computing capabilities and develop practical quantum computing systems for various applications including optimization, simulation, and quantum algorithm research.

Quantic

Quantic is a French quantum computing company developing quantum processors and quantum software solutions for European enterprises and research institutions. The company focuses on building quantum computing systems using advanced quantum technologies and provides quantum software development tools, quantum algorithms, and consulting services for organizations seeking to explore quantum computing applications. Quantic contributes to France’s quantum technology ecosystem by advancing quantum hardware and software capabilities, collaborating with French research institutions and enterprises to develop practical quantum computing solutions for optimization, simulation, and computational challenges in various industrial sectors.

Quantinuum

Quantinuum formed in 2021 through the merger of Honeywell Quantum Solutions and Cambridge Quantum Computing to create the world’s largest integrated quantum computing company, combining industry-leading trapped-ion H-Series quantum computers with the highest quantum volume metrics alongside quantum software including lambeq, TKET, and InQuanto, employing over 480 people to deliver quantum advantage in cybersecurity, drug discovery, materials science, and financial modeling. In May 2025, Invest Qatar formalized a partnership with Quantinuum to develop Qatar’s quantum computing ecosystem, supporting Quantinuum’s regional expansion and establishing Qatar as a strategic hub for quantum computing development in the Middle East.

QuEra Computing

QuEra Computing emerged from groundbreaking research at Harvard University and MIT to commercialize neutral atom quantum computing technology, developing programmable quantum simulators and quantum computers with unprecedented flexibility. In August 2025, QuEra formed a strategic alliance with Deloitte to accelerate enterprise adoption of neutral-atom quantum computing, combining QuEra’s hardware platforms with Deloitte’s professional services expertise to target life sciences, financial services, logistics, and energy sectors. In October 2025, QuEra announced a partnership with BCG X, Boston Consulting Group’s AI Science Institute, to accelerate quantum value delivery for enterprises and government innovators. The company’s platform uses arrays of neutral atoms trapped in optical tweezers, allowing for dynamic reconfiguration of qubit connectivity and analog quantum simulation capabilities. QuEra’s systems have achieved significant milestones including 256-qubit quantum simulations and demonstrations of quantum optimization algorithms, with their Aquila quantum computer accessible through Amazon Braket representing one of the most powerful quantum simulators available commercially. Joint research with Deloitte has demonstrated quantum reservoir computing on QuEra’s hardware outperforming classical models on drug-discovery datasets. Founded by leading quantum physicists including Mikhail Lukin and Markus Greiner, QuEra operates the world’s largest publicly accessible quantum computer and targets near-term quantum advantage in optimization problems and scientific simulation applications.

Rigetti Computing

Rigetti Computing operates as a full-stack quantum computing company founded by Chad Rigetti in 2013, manufacturing superconducting quantum processors at their Fremont foundry while providing cloud access through Forest and PyQuil development tools, going public via SPAC in 2021 with partnerships including NASA and the Department of Energy to focus on hybrid quantum-classical applications in optimization, machine learning, and simulation. In 2024-2025, Rigetti announced a landmark partnership with Quanta Computer, the world’s largest laptop manufacturer, involving over $100 million in commitments from each party over five years, with Quanta making a direct $35 million strategic investment in Rigetti to jointly develop quantum computing systems and expand market access in Asia. The company is collaborating with QphoX and the UK’s National Quantum Computing Centre (NQCC) on a 33-month program to develop novel optical readout technology for superconducting qubits, aiming to improve scalability and reduce hardware complexity. Rigetti also established a partnership with India’s Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC) to advance quantum computing research and applications in India, and secured a contract with the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) for quantum networking research. In September 2025, Rigetti announced $5.7 million in quantum computing system orders, demonstrating growing commercial demand for their technology.

Taiwan Semiconductor Quantum

Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) is advancing quantum computing through specialized semiconductor manufacturing processes for quantum processors, quantum control electronics, and cryogenic systems. The company develops advanced fabrication techniques for superconducting qubits, silicon spin qubits, and quantum control chips, leveraging their leading-edge semiconductor manufacturing capabilities to produce quantum computing hardware for quantum technology companies worldwide. TSMC collaborates with quantum computing companies including IBM, Google, and other quantum hardware developers to optimize manufacturing processes for quantum devices, providing the semiconductor manufacturing infrastructure essential for scaling quantum computing systems. The company’s quantum initiatives focus on developing quantum-specific fabrication processes, yield optimization for quantum devices, and advanced packaging solutions for quantum processors and control electronics.

Tokyo Quantum Computing

Tokyo Quantum Computing develops integrated quantum hardware and software solutions combining superconducting quantum processors with quantum development tools and algorithms, focusing on advancing Japan’s quantum computing capabilities through full-stack quantum systems for research institutions and commercial applications in optimization and machine learning.

Company Information

• Founded: 2020
• Country: Japan
• Website: https://tokyoquantum.com
• Categories: quantum processors, quantum software

Key People

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Xanadu

Xanadu is a leading photonic quantum computing company that has pioneered the development of room-temperature, networkable quantum computers using squeezed light and integrated photonics. Founded in 2016, the company has developed the X-Series of photonic quantum computers, including the 216-mode Borealis system that demonstrated quantum computational advantage in Gaussian boson sampling by completing tasks in 36 microseconds that would take classical computers over 9,000 years. Xanadu’s unique approach uses continuous-variable quantum computing with photons, offering advantages in networking capabilities and room-temperature operation compared to other quantum technologies. The company is also the creator of PennyLane, an open-source quantum machine learning library that has become a standard tool for quantum-classical hybrid algorithms, used by researchers and developers worldwide. Xanadu operates Xanadu Quantum Cloud, providing programmatic access to their quantum hardware and simulators including Borealis through Amazon Braket. With significant funding and partnerships spanning academia, government, and industry, Xanadu is positioned at the forefront of photonic quantum computing and quantum machine learning applications.

ZuriQ

ZuriQ is a Swiss quantum computing company founded in 2020, developing 3D trapped-ion quantum computing architecture that offers improved scalability and connectivity compared to traditional planar ion trap designs. The company emerged from research at ETH Zurich focusing on advanced ion trap technologies for quantum computing applications, developing novel approaches to trapped-ion quantum processors with enhanced qubit connectivity and reduced cross-talk between qubits. ZuriQ’s 3D quantum computing architecture enables more efficient quantum error correction and fault-tolerant quantum computing by providing better geometric arrangements of trapped ions and improved control systems. The company targets applications in quantum simulation, optimization, and quantum algorithms that benefit from the enhanced connectivity and scalability of their 3D trapped-ion quantum computing platform, contributing to Switzerland’s quantum technology ecosystem and European quantum computing initiatives.